Prevalence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIN) is a frequent side effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) that is linked to increased rates of death and morbidity as well as extended hospital stays in patients with cardiovascular disease. Objective: To systematically review the current status of CIN in patients undergoing PCI. Methods: This Systematic review was done on 7 studies. A thorough investigation was conducted on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) or contrast-induced acute kidney damage (CI-AKI) in patients receiving PCI and/or coronary angiography; the results are freely available on PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and the internet. All articles which were published in English using Boolean Operators (AND, OR, NOT or AND NOT), were searched with the help of keywords like CIN, CI, AKI, PCI, etc. All free full-length articles that had distinct goals, were full-length, and were published in the English language in a few search engines were selected, and systematic review and review articles and all other articles with ambiguous results were excluded.  Results: In the current study, it was found that the prevalence of CI-AKI / CIN in patients who underwent PCI is reported as 2.1%–24.8%, depending upon the severity, type of PCI, and other factors.

Conclusion: It is concluded that CIN is high in many of the studies, so it can be minimized using the minimum volume of the contrast media, particularly in high-risk patients. So, by controlling causative factors such as anemia, age, creatinine, etc., the CIN can be reduced.

Keywords: Prevalence, Acute Kidney Injury due to contrast, Primary PCI, Cardiovascular Disease, Systematic Review