A Conceptual Framework for Prehypertension and Epidemiological Insights: A Narrative Review

Abstract

The term "prehypertension" was introduced in 2003 by the Joint National Committee (JNC-7) on Detection, Prevention, Estimation, and High Blood Pressure Treatment. It states two BP readings in the range of 120-139 mmHg systolic and 80-89 mmHg diastolic. This middle stage shows important cautionary signals, meaningfully increasing the risk of progressing to hypertension. This article investigates the multifaceted nature of prehypertension, definitions, challenges in diagnostics, prevalence globally, and the consistent risk factors, despite the introduction of a tool to identify the risk of individuals and make early preventive measures. The classification and treatment of prehypertension are still under debate. Inconsistent guidelines in all the regions are creating uncertainty among medical professionals. HTN affects about 36% of adults; in men, specific ethnic populations showed higher vulnerability. The occurrence of other CVD risk factors like obesity, DM, and dyslipidemia impacts health. Prehypertension diagnosis is not a straightforward method. It required repeated blood pressure measurements to mark hypertension. Research indicates that simply labeling someone as prehypertensive does little to motivate behavioral changes. The importance of developing more considerable communication plans to boost meaningful lifestyle adjustments. Conclusion: Prehypertension signifies a public health challenge; there is a persistent need for combined guidelines and further research to improve its management and control the rising global burden of hypertension and linked cardiovascular diseases.